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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
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https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5...
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Judgment Assurance: Governing Institutional Judgment in AI-Mediated Decision-Making

Authors: Justin Kavalir;

Judgment Assurance: Governing Institutional Judgment in AI-Mediated Decision-Making

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used to inform or mediate consequential organizational decisions, yet accountability for those decisions remains human. In practice, human judgment in AI-mediated decision-making is often implicit, informal, or undocumented, complicating accountability, oversight, and post-hoc explanation. This paper reframes human judgment not as an individual intuition, but as an organizational asset—one that must be deliberately defined, exercised, preserved, and governed when decisions are influenced by AI systems. It introduces Judgment Assurance, an organizational governance framework designed to help institutions define, record, own, and guard human judgment in AI-supported decision-making. Judgment Assurance provides institutions with a structured means to ensure that, when AI influences outcomes, a human can clearly, contemporaneously, and defensibly explain why an AI output was followed, modified, or rejected. Judgment Assurance is intentionally technology-agnostic and scalable. It can be applied narrowly to specific high-risk or high-impact decisions or integrated into existing governance, risk, and compliance structures, and it incorporates a feedback loop by capturing reasoned decisions for review, accountability, and continuous institutional learning. The framework does not replace existing legal, ethical, or technical AI governance frameworks; rather, it complements them by addressing a persistent gap: the governance of human judgment itself. Human judgment is an institutional inheritance. As organizations increasingly rely on AI systems, they owe it to themselves, and to those they serve, to ensure that judgment is exercised deliberately, retained visibly, and not allowed to atrophy through delegation to machines.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Insurance/standards, Risk Management, NIST AI RMF, Assurance, Human oversight, Human-in-the-loop, Quality assurance, Insurance/trends, Risk management, Article 14, Institutional governance, Underwriting, Accountability, Risk Management/trends, Judgment Assurance, Risk Management/standards

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green