Islamic Spiritual Practices and Mental Health: A Neurotheological Approach to Sufism The intersection of spirituality and neuroscience leads to the emergence of neurotheology, a field dedicated to exploring how spiritual practices influence the brain and mental well-being. Despite the increasing prevalence of mental health challenges globally, culturally sensitive frameworks for addressing these issues, particularly within Muslim communities, remain underexplored. This raises critical questions: How do Islamic spiritual practices, particularly those in Sufism, impact brain function and mental health? Existing literature highlights the psychological and emotional advantages of mindfulness and meditation, yet the transformative potential of Sufi rituals like Dhikr (remembrance of God) and muraqabah (meditation) remains largely untapped in contemporary therapeutic models. By analyzing Sufi practices through the lens of neurotheology, this study underscores the universal applicability of these spiritual traditions in fostering emotional resilience, alleviating anxiety, and enhancing social cohesion. The scope of this research extends beyond individual mental health to addressing cultural sensitivities, promoting interfaith dialogue, and integrating faith-based approaches into global mental health strategies. The objective is to integrate Islamic spiritual traditions with contemporary neuroscientific research, providing evidence-based insights for mental health professionals, researchers, and faith leaders. This exploration holds profound importance for contemporary society, offering a culturally inclusive approach to mental health that can benefit diverse populations. By validating the therapeutic potential of Sufi practices, this study not only enriches our understanding of spirituality and the brain but also contributes to holistic healing and the global discourse on mental well-being.