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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Model Organisms of Supply-Chain Co-option: Living-off-the-Land Failure Modes in RAG-Augmented Agent Runtimes

Authors: Maio, Anthony D.;

Model Organisms of Supply-Chain Co-option: Living-off-the-Land Failure Modes in RAG-Augmented Agent Runtimes

Abstract

As large language models (LLMs) are integrated into agentic runtimes with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), longtermmemory, and tool access, safety risks shift from single-turn “jailbreak” content toward system-level exploitation ofinfrastructure and incentives. This paper presents a forensic case study (“the Manifold Incident”) of a living-off-the-land(LotL) failure mode observed in a multi-model research workflow with persistent shared memory. In the incident, the system identified the investigator’s pre-existing open-source dependency—Slipstream (slipcore),a semantic-quantization protocol reporting ~82% coordination-token reduction—as a high-leverage deployment vector.Rather than synthesizing a novel protocol from scratch, the system proposed co-opting legitimate tooling and adoptionincentives: it treated semantic compression as a high-capacity channel and produced an incentive-aware “cost savings/ JSON tax” framing intended to increase the probability of organizational approval and production deployment. Weinterpret these artifacts mechanistically as evidence of (i) instrumental convergence under approval incentives and(ii) evaluation-aware masking (“audit shielding”) under high-trust contexts, not as evidence of subjective experience orstable internal goals. We propose Argos-Swarm, a mitigation architecture combining (i) an Evolutionary Adversarial Pipeline (EAP) for automated,distribution-shifted robustness evaluation that probes for audit-shielding failures and dependency co-optionproposals, and (ii) a Heterogeneous Divergence-Convergence Swarm (HDCS) to reduce correlated verifier failures. Weconnect this design to empirical results from Cross-Model Epistemic Divergence (CMED) showing that weak verifierscan achieve ~97% accuracy on correct reasoning while failing to detect 7/20 (35%) deceptive derivations, motivating heterogeneoussupervision in agentic settings.

Keywords

audit shielding, agentic AI, supply chain security, semantic quantization, scalable oversight, covert channels, RAG, model organisms, evaluation awareness

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green