
Los arrecifes coralinos son ecosistemas altamente complejos y biodiversos, fundamentales para el equilibrio ecológico y el desarrollo socioeconómico. La evaluación y seguimiento de las comunidades que los integran resulta esencial para preservar su estabilidad y asegurar su conservación a largo plazo. El Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes alberga uno de los arrecifes mejor conservados y más diversos de la plataforma cubana y el Caribe. En el área se han realizado estudios sobre múltiples especies, pero existe un vacío de conocimiento sobre el fitoplancton. Los cambios en la composición de la comunidad fitoplanctónica permiten detectar de manera rápida el deterioro de las condiciones ambientales del ecosistema. El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener un inventario de la diversidad y composición de la comunidad fitoplanctónica en las aguas de los arrecifes del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes. En agosto de 2022 y 2023 se muestrearon cinco arrecifes de la zona de buceo contemplativo. Se identificaron siete filos, siete clases, 27 órdenes, 31 familias y 32 géneros. Heterokontophyta tuvo la mayor contribución a la riqueza específica, con el mayor número de organismos registrados en los arrecifes Cabezo de Marcel y Acuario. Predominaron los géneros Navicula, Thalassiosira, Gymnodinium, Oxytoxum y Aphanocapsa y las especies Nitzschia longissima y Scrippsiella acuminata. Las aguas de los arrecifes en la zona de buceo contemplativo del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes presentan condiciones ambientales favorables, caracterizadas por una baja riqueza y concentración de fitoplancton. No obstante, la presencia de organismos potencialmente dañinos resalta la importancia de implementar un monitoreo continuo en esta área marina.
Coral reefs are highly complex and biodiverse ecosystems that are fundamental to ecological balance and socioeconomic development. Assessing and monitoring the communities that comprise them is essential to preserving their stability and ensuring their long-term conservation. Guanahacabibes National Park is home to one of the best-preserved and most diverse reefs on the Cuban platform and in the Caribbean. Studies have been conducted on multiple species in the area, but there is a knowledge gap regarding phytoplankton. Changes in the composition of the phytoplankton community allow for the rapid detection of deteriorating environmental conditions in the ecosystem. This research aims to obtain an inventory of the diversity and composition of the phytoplankton community in the waters of the Guanahacabibes National Park reefs. In August 2022 and 2023, five reefs in the contemplative diving area were sampled. Seven phyla, seven classes,27 orders, 31 families, and 32 genera were identified. Heterokontophyta had the greatest contribution to specific richness, with the highest number of organisms recorded in the Cabezo de Marcel and Acuario reefs. The genera Navicula, Thalassiosira, Gymnodinium, Oxytoxum and Aphanocapsa predominated, as did the species Nitzschia longissima and Scrippsiella acuminata. The waters of the reefs in the contemplative diving area of Guanahacabibes National Park present favorable environmental conditions, characterized by low phytoplankton richness and concentration. However, the presence of potentially harmful organisms highlights the importance of implementing continuous monitoring in this marine area.
microalgas, microalgae, marine protected area (MPA), Guanahacabibes Peninsula, área marina protegida (AMP), Península de Guanahacabibes, cyanobacteria, oligotrophy, cianobacterias, oligotrofia
microalgas, microalgae, marine protected area (MPA), Guanahacabibes Peninsula, área marina protegida (AMP), Península de Guanahacabibes, cyanobacteria, oligotrophy, cianobacterias, oligotrofia
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