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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
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The Riemann Particle Ladder: Discrete Mass Quantization from Trinity Geometry, Prime Threading, and Critical Line Necessity

Authors: Needham, Eric;

The Riemann Particle Ladder: Discrete Mass Quantization from Trinity Geometry, Prime Threading, and Critical Line Necessity

Abstract

This work places on record a proposed explanatory framework for the repeated appearance of the transcendental constants π, φ, and e in particle mass correspondences documented across prior ENSO-related studies. The central claim advanced here is one of geometric necessity: under simultaneous constraints of metric closure, recursive self-similarity, and stable mapping between logarithmic and linear structure, the constants π, φ, and e arise as unavoidable invariants rather than adjustable or selected parameters. Within this view, particle masses occupy discrete allowed positions determined by geometric and scaling constraints, forming a sparse ladder in logarithmic space. The paper does not assert completeness, finality, or exclusivity of interpretation. It does not propose new particles, modify the Standard Model, or introduce fitted parameters. Its purpose is narrower and procedural: to articulate a mechanism-class consistent with, and synthesizing, a large body of previously published results in which π-, φ-, and e-based constructions repeatedly yield statistically significant agreement with experimental particle data. All quantities, transformations, and tests are specified explicitly. An accompanying script reproduces the ladder construction and statistical analysis described in the text. Negative results and sparsity are treated as structural features rather than noise. This document is released as a timestamped synthesis note. It is intended to establish priority for the geometric-necessity interpretation underlying earlier empirical findings, while leaving detailed mathematical development, physical modelling, and critical evaluation to subsequent work.

Keywords

First-Principles Analysis, Reproducible Research, Non-Perturbative Structure, Constraint-Based Models, Discrete Spectra, Computational Physics, Transcendental Constants, Geometric Invariants, FOS: Mathematics, Particle Mass Spectrum, Logarithmic Scaling, Geometric Necessity, Foundations of High-Energy Physics, Mass Hierarchies, Mathematical Physics, Spectral Structure

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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