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Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Marcadores salivales para el diagnóstico de enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Authors: Medina Valencia, José Luis;

Marcadores salivales para el diagnóstico de enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Abstract

Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, como Alzheimer, Parkinson y Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, son trastornos crónicos y progresivos caracterizados por pérdida neuronal selectiva, con deterioro cognitivo, motor y conductual. A pesar de avances en neuroimagen y biomarcadores del líquido cefalorraquídeo, el diagnóstico temprano y no invasivo sigue siendo limitado, costoso y poco accesible. La saliva, biofluido no invasivo, económico y fácil de obtener, se perfila como fuente prometedora para biomarcadores en enfermedades neruodegenerativas. El objetivo fue identificar biomarcadores salivales asociados con Alzheimer, Parkinson y Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, evaluando su potencial diagnóstico, ventajas y limitaciones, con énfasis en poblaciones vulnerables. Se realizó revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2025 en Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest y Springer, utilizando términos MeSH y texto libre sobre “saliva”, “biomarcadores” y “enfermedades neurodegenerativas”. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos, metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas sobre diagnóstico o monitoreo de enfermedades neurodegnerativas mediante saliva. Se extrajeron datos sobre biomarcador, método de detección, rendimiento diagnóstico y población estudiada. En la Enfermedad de Parkinson, la α-sinucleína oligomérica mostró alta precisión diagnóstica, y miARN como miR-153, miR-223 y miR-145-3p se correlacionaron con estadio de enfermedad. En el Alzheimer, β-amiloide 1-42, tau fosforilada (p-tau) y lactoferrina salival alcanzaron sensibilidad y especificidad moderadas-altas para detección temprana. En la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica, los niveles salivales de neurofilamentos de cadena ligera (NfL) se asociaron con progresión y supervivencia. La evidencia respalda la viabilidad del análisis salival para pruebas repetidas y cribado poblacional, aunque la falta de estandarización limita su implementación clínica.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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