Hypoxic-ischemic changes in children are among the most significant pathological conditions leading to damage of the central nervous system during the perinatal and neonatal periods. These processes most often occur as a result of oxygen deprivation and impaired cerebral blood supply during pregnancy, childbirth, or the first days of life. Hypoxic-ischemic injuries may cause neurological deficits, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and delayed cognitive development in children; therefore, their early detection and timely treatment are considered one of the most pressing tasks of modern medicine