(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) This book promotes Integrated Pest Management, to contribute to reduced reliance on pesticides and the avoidance of adverse impacts from pesticide use on the health and safety of farming communities, consumers and the environment. Through the IPM approach, technical advice is provided to help plan methods and measures to control major pests and diseases occurring or expected to occur in the countries of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. The specific descriptions contain a short summary of the bio logy of the species, completed with information on methods and tools of monitoring and control. Preventive control methods are also discussed.