In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress across various fields, and sports science is no exception. The use of AI in designing personalized training programs has brought a new dimension to athletic preparation. These intelligent systems gather and analyze detailed information about an athlete’s physical, biomechanical, and psychological conditions, allowing for training plans tailored to individual needs. Such personalized approaches help improve performance, minimize the risk of injuries, and enhance recovery efficiency. This paper focuses on understanding how AI-based personalized training systems are developed and applied in elite sports. It also examines the challenges involved in their implementation, along with ethical concerns and data privacy issues. Finally, it highlights how AI can play a key role in expanding the limits of human athletic potential in the future.