
handle: 10234/208027
On the one hand, this article studies art. 177 bis 11 of the Spanish Penal Code, which, in ac-cordance with international regulations, contains the principle of non-application of penalties to the vic-tims of trafficking in human beings, whose effective-ness States must promote, despite presenting serious deficits in application. An example of the lack of ap-plication is a recent resolution of the spanish Supreme Court (STS 960/2023), which offers an exegesis of the art. 177 bis 11 that, for the reasons explained in the work, cannot be shared. That judicial decision de-clares the provision not applicable to a victim of traf-ficking for criminal exploitation by virtue of an un-derstanding of the crime of trafficking in human beings that does not correspond to the provisions of the SpanishPenal Code, also giving absolute priority to general prevention considerations incompatible with the reasons that support the principle of non-punishment of trafficking victims.On the other hand, the study analyzes the possibility of applying to the casethe defenses of duress or necessity, and and con-cludes that it is necessary to review the non-applica-tion of necessity to some cases of drug trafficking in situations of extreme poverty and vulnerability.
De un lado, el trabajo aborda la interpreta-ción del art. 177 bis 11 del Código penal español, que, de conformidad con la normativa internacional, con-sagra el principio de no punición de las víctimas de trata de seres humanos (TSH), cuya efectividad deben promover los Estados, pese a lo cual presenta graves déficits de aplicación. Un ejemplo de esto último es la STS 960/2023. La sentencia declara no aplicable el precepto a una víctima de trata para explotación cri-minal en virtud de un entendimiento del delito de TSH que no corresponde con lo dispuesto en el Có-digo penal español, dando, además, prioridad abso-luta a consideraciones de prevención general incom-patibles con el fundamento del principio de no punición a las víctimas de trata. El trabajo expone las razones por las que no se comparte la exégesis reali-zada y se ofrecen argumentos a favor de la aprecia-ción de la exención. De otro lado, se postula una apli-cación menos restrictiva de la que es tradicional en nuestra jurisprudencia de las eximentes de miedo in-superable o estado de necesidad, eximentes que, de aceptarse la interpretación que aquí se defiende, po-drían aplicarse subsidiariamente al caso enjuiciado en la citada sentencia.
miedo insuperable, necessity, trata de seres humanos, tráfico de drogas, drug trafficking, estado de necesidad, principio de no punición, excusa absolutoria, trafficking in human beings, principle of non-application of penalties to the victim, duress
miedo insuperable, necessity, trata de seres humanos, tráfico de drogas, drug trafficking, estado de necesidad, principio de no punición, excusa absolutoria, trafficking in human beings, principle of non-application of penalties to the victim, duress
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