This report analyzes the "Great Cognitive Transition" defining the early 21st century: the migration of agency, memory, and decision-making authority from biological neural networks to synthetic silicon architectures. It argues that humanity is entering the "Algocene," a period characterized by a "Reverse Flynn Effect" and widespread "Cognitive Atrophy" as external computational systems replace, rather than augment, critical human functions. The study provides a comparative geopolitical analysis of how major powers are responding to this crisis: The European Union is attempting to legislate human oversight through a rights-based "Human-in-the-Loop" regulatory framework. China is pursuing a strategy of state paternalism, enforcing "digital hygiene" (such as the "Minor Mode" for minors) and pivoting education toward "Master Craftsman" vocational skills to secure "New Quality Productive Forces". The Nordic Nations (Sweden & Finland) are initiating an "Analog Counter-Reformation" in education, reallocating funding from digital tools to physical textbooks and handwriting to arrest the decline in deep literacy. Looking toward the 2050 Horizon, the report identifies the risks of a "Complexity Gap"—where civilizational infrastructure becomes a "black box" that humans can no longer maintain without AI assistance. It concludes by proposing strategies for "Civilizational Resilience," including the legal recognition of "Cognitive Sovereignty" (Neurorights), the "Right to Analog Existence," and the creation of "Deep Time" knowledge backups to ensure the continuity of human know-how independent of digital substrates.