Despite numerous studies on sustainable development and education, many remain general and declarative. Integrating sustainable development into educational curricula poses challenges for educators due to its complexity. This paper adopts a multidimensional approach, considering social, psychological, and educational aspects, to explore the role of mathematics in attaining sustainable development goals. It highlights mathematics' practical applications across various sectors such as economy, industry, and social spheres. Moreover, the research underscores mathematics's humanitarian potential, serving ideological, moral, educational, and aesthetic purposes. Through mathematics education, individuals not only contribute to global culture but also foster a sense of community. Ultimately, the goal of teaching mathematics in the context of sustainable development is to cultivate students' mathematical literacy and cultural awareness.