The primary objective of this research is to investigate the distribution, anatomical and morphological characteristics of terrestrial mollusks inhabiting the Mountain Turkistan region, as well as to provide comprehensive information on their ecology, geographical distribution, limiting factors, and conservation strategies. The collection of research material was conducted in accordance with the methodology developed by A.A. Shileyko. Based on the findings of the study, it was determined that moisture availability plays a crucial role in the ecological requirements of mollusks. Accordingly, terrestrial mollusks can be classified into several ecological groups based on their moisture preferences, including hygrophilous, mesophilous, xerophilous, and mesoxerophilous species. The terrestrial mollusk species recorded in the Mountain Turkistan region are ecologically categorized primarily into hygrophilous, xerophilous, and mesoxerophilous groups. In order to ensure the conservation and effective monitoring of these species, it is essential to prioritize the protection of their natural habitats. In particular, measures should be taken to prevent deforestation and habitat degradation in areas where mollusks occur. Furthermore, the use of these habitats as grazing lands should be restricted, and further research focusing on habitat preferences and biological characteristics of terrestrial mollusks should be undertaken to prevent population decline and potential species extinction