Maharashtra is one of India’s richest cultural regions, and its Buddhist heritage forms a particularly significant part of this legacy. The state has the highest number of ancient Buddhist rock-cut caves in India, reflecting a vibrant monastic and artistic tradition that flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 7th century CE. Iconic sites such as Ajanta, Ellora, Karla, Bhaja, Kanheri and Junnar illustrate the development of chaityas, viharas, stupas and murals, and highlight Maharashtra’s historical role along major trade routes linking the coast with the Deccan. These cave complexes attract international visitors, especially from East and Southeast Asia, as well as large numbers of domestic tourists and academic groups. Despite their importance, issues like overcrowding, limited connectivity and conservation challenges persist. With improved infrastructure, heritage interpretation and sustainable tourism planning, Maharashtra has the potential to become a leading global centre for Buddhist tourism and cultural appreciation.