This is the post-print. Formally published on 25/12/2024. Latest revised on 12/11/2025. DOI:10.58473/JAES0011 Retrieval from official database: www.crossref.org All rights reserved. This upload includes formally published article (updated version), pre-print, software and dataset. The formally published serials is the printing , and the serials NO. is the month/year when the materials is accessible on this website, authorized by publisher; 正式发表的期刊是印刷版《天文与地球科学杂志》(ISSN2958-4043),期刊期号为文章内容在本网站上网年/月,出版人许可自行正式发表。 Abstract: The first part of this article comprehensively reviews the relevant theories on ocean hydrology, with substantial discussion of new theories revealing the boundary layer formation process; Then representative case studies are conducted and based on the existing data that have been published, it is to re-edit and re-analyze the results with regards to the strong-wind driven current, sea-air interactions, various ocean circulation modes, ocean pollution transport and mitigation; Thirdly, this article builds up a numerical model to simulate the formation of boundary layers. Key words: Ocean hydrology, Ocean current, Boundary layer, Ocean circulation, Ocean pollution. This research project is formally registered via Open Science Framework (OSF) Registry, USA. Project DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PUQMT ; The finalization of this project is registered via OSF with DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VHZK8