This dataset provides a structured overview of research datasets deposited in Zenodo by Spanish universities, covering a longitudinal period from 2014 to 2024. It has been created to support the systematic analysis of the evolution, descriptive quality, and reuse-related characteristics of university research data within the Zenodo repository. The dataset compiles metadata extracted from Zenodo records that meet specific affiliation-based criteria, focusing on datasets associated with Spanish public universities. For each dataset identified, the file records key descriptive and analytical variables, including publication year, institutional affiliation, presence of subject descriptors (keywords), relationships with other persistent identifiers (such as related DOIs), and basic indicators of content availability. A central objective of this dataset is to enable year-by-year analysis of trends in dataset deposition practices over a ten-year period (2014–2024). In particular, it allows the examination of: the annual volume of datasets deposited by universities, the evolution in the use of descriptive metadata (e.g., keywords or subject terms), patterns of linkage between datasets and other research outputs, such as journal articles, books, or related datasets. The dataset serves as the empirical basis for analytical reports and comparative studies on research data practices in Spanish universities, including assessments of metadata completeness and longitudinal changes in data sharing behavior. It is designed to be reusable for further bibliometric, scientometric, and research data management studies, as well as for methodological replication and extension. This dataset is part of the activities of an academic observatory on university research data in Zenodo and is intended to support transparency, reproducibility, and evidence-based discussion in the fields of Open Science and research data management.