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QWED Protocol: Deterministic Verification for Large Language Models

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Article 01 Dec 2025 English Publisher:QWED-AI
Authors: Dass, Rahul;

doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18075235 , 10.5281/zenodo.18075234 , 10.5281/zenodo.18110785

QWED Protocol: Deterministic Verification for Large Language Models

Abstract

QWED (Query with Evidence & Determinism) is a deterministic verification protocol that treats LLMs as untrusted translators. It validates AI outputs using 8 specialized engines: math (SymPy), logic (Z3), code security (AST), SQL (SQLGlot), statistics, fact checking, image validation, and consensus. In benchmarks against Claude Opus 4.5, QWED achieved 100% error detection where the model had 73-85% accuracy. Open source under Apache 2.0.

Keywords

python, formal-verification, machine-learning, llm-safety, hallucination-detection, sympy, ai-verification, z3-prover

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green