Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i.e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses. CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. albellus vs. C. alpinus (a)163.5mm1: AFAe/UJ *1.96-2.51.66-1.9626.080.042: CL/PreA0.14-0.180.17-0.2126.460.04bodyC. alpinus vs. C. fatioi>163.5mm1: AFae/TL0.1-0.110.09-0.113.410.112: CL/PreA0.14-0.180.17-0.2113.410.11headC. alpinus vs. C. fatioi>163.5mm1: HL/UJ *3.55-3.933.13-3.5511.510.072: LJW/UJW0.33-0.440.38-0.5511.020.07head + bodyC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii (c)>163.5mm1: CD/SW *2.25-2.641.82-2.0434.250.022: LJW/UJW *0.33-0.440.45-0.5533.910.02bodyC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii (d)>163.5mm1: DFAe/PAdC *1.11-1.320.96-1.1618.530.072: CD/AFB0.61-0.680.52-0.6218.310.07headC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii (e)>163.5mm1: LJW/UJW *0.33-0.440.45-0.557.440.082: PostO/UJ1.8-2.121.57-1.866.780.08CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii (f)>163.5mm1: CL/PAdC0.71-0.860.66-0.767.460.082: BD/LJ2.44-3.052.31-2.827.360.08bodyC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii>163.5mm1: CL/PAdC0.71-0.860.66-0.766.040.12: CF/BD0.87-1.130.93-1.125.920.1headC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii>163.5mm1: ED/M1.03-1.191.04-1.573.580.182: HW/UJW1.89-2.231.88-2.333.380.19CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. alpinus vs. other 3 species163.5mm1: DFAe/UJ *3.28-4.12.58-3.1924.710.052: CD/SW *2.25-2.641.76-2.2724.370.05CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. albellus vs. C. alpinus (h)100-2901: PreD/LJ *3.99-4.685.6-6.8122.860.132: DFAe/UJ *2.14-2.793.25-4.121.650.14headC. albellus vs. C. alpinus100-2901: HD/UJ *1.87-2.22.38-2.7814.390.182: LJ/IOW *1.53-1.991.33-1.5713.250.19head + bodyC. albellus vs. C. fatioi100-2901: PreP/EH *6.56-7.988.94-11.4315.950.132: CL/UJ1.44-2.021.93-2.7215.090.14head + bodyC. albellus vs. C. brienzii (i)100-2901: PreD/EH *6.1-7.588.12-10.3250.860.042: CL/LJ0.99-1.451.38-1.6550.60.04headC. albellus vs. C. brienzii100-2901: EH/HL *0.27-0.310.22-0.279.330.182: LJ/ES9.62-17.286.08-12.438.570.22CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii (j)100-2901: DFAd/LJW *9.84-14.826.05-8.9120.720.032: DHL/LJ *1.84-2.221.63-1.8220.470.02bodyC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii (k)100-2901: PecF2/DFAd *0.74-0.850.85-1.0387.52<0.012: CD/PostD0.17-0.20.15-0.1887.48<0.01headC. alpinus vs. C. brienzii100-2901: HD/LJW *6.72-9.395.23-6.6611.940.042: HL/LJ *2.54-2.962.19-2.4711.610.04head + bodyC. alpinus vs. C. fatioi (h)100-2901: DFAe/UJ *3.25-4.12.45-3.1718.980.032: PecF2/AFAe1.24-1.471.37-1.6318.630.03bodyC. alpinus vs. C. fatioi100-2901: PecF2/DFAe0.77-0.890.87-1.029.250.082: AFAe/PostD0.27-0.320.22-0.298.710.08headC. alpinus vs. C. fatioi100-2901: LJW/UJW0.33-0.470.37-0.555.620.082: HL/UJ3.43-3.933.13-3.634.980.08CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii (l)100-2901: AFB/BD0.45-0.670.44-0.5828.19<0.012: PreD/M8.87-14.859.13-11.4128.16<0.01bodyC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii100-2901: AFB/BD0.45-0.670.44-0.582.760.052: PreP/PreA0.58-0.650.57-0.642.510.05headC. fatioi vs. C. brienzii100-2901: ED/M1.04-1.571.03-1.281.720.12: SN/MW2.09-2.631.78-2.871.520.1CharactersSpecies comparisonSize rangeBest ratiosRange species 1Range species 2Standard distanceδ (Shape vs. size)head + bodyC. albellus vs. other 3 species100-2901: PreD/EH *6.1-7.588.12-10.510.890.162: CL/UJ1.44-2.021.85-2.729.790.17head + bodyC. alpinus vs. other 3 species100-2901: DFAe/UJ *3.25-4.12.14-3.199.590.112: LJW/UJW0.33-0.470.34-0.558.980.12 (a) PelvS, PecF1, DFAd, DFAe, DFPe, TL, SL, EH, SD, SW, INW, IOW (b) PelvFS, PelvFB, PecFB, DFPe, TL, EH, ED, SD, IOW (c) PelvFB, PelvFS, PelvF, PecF1, DFB, DFAe, DFPe, AFB, AFAe, AdFB, CF, PAdC, PreP, PreA, SL, TL, BD, PostD, DHL, ED, EH, ES, PostO, HD, MW, SN, SD, SW, IOW, INW (d) PecFB, PelvFB, PelvF, PelvFS, PecF1, DFAe, DFPe, AFAe, AdFB, PreP, CF, TL, PostD (e) ED, EH, HD, SD, SW, INW (f) PelvFB, PelvFS, PelvF, PecFB, DFAe, DFAd, DFPe, CF, PreP, SL, TL, ED, EH, MW, SD, SW, IOW, INW, ES (g) PelvFS, PecF1, PecFB, DFAd, DFPe, SL, TL, ED, EH, INW, CF (h) PelvS, PecF1, DFAd, DFAe, DFPe, TL, SL, EH, SD, SW, INW, IOW (i) PelvFS (j) PelvFB, PelvFS, PelvF, PecF1,DFAe, DFPe, AFB, AFAe,CF, SL, TL, BD, ED, EH, ES, PostO, HD, MW, SN, SD, SW, IOW, INW (k) PelvFS, PecF1, CF, SL, TL (l) PelvS, TL, INW

Published as part of Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal & Seehausen, Ole, 2020, A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae), pp. 129 in ZooKeys 989 on page 129, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.989.32822