The increase in global temperature due to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit global warming to 2°C by 2030, reducing emissions. However, economic growth, crucial for emerging countries like Brazil, drives these emissions. This research analyzes GHG emissions in Brazil and Goiás (2000-2020), focusing on environmental inequalities and their socioeconomic impacts. The hypothesis is that GDP growth intensifies emissions, creating a dilemma between economic growth and sustainability. To mitigate environmental inequalities, Brazil and Goiás must invest in clean technologies and renewable energy, prioritizing climate justice and environmental racism. The energy transition must be inclusive, considering regional and social inequalities to prevent worsening environmental injustices.