The aim of this article is to present the recent theoretical contributions for the So-Called Green new Developmentalism created by Guarini and Oreiro (2023) and analyse how this theoretical framework can be to address the transition problem for a low-carbon economy. The New Developmentalism (ND), which emerged from the original contributions of Bresser-Pereira, Oreiro and Marconi (2015), establishes that middle-income countries such as Brazil have gone through a process of early deindustrialization in the last 30 years due to the exchange rate overvaluation derived from the Dutch disease (DD), that is, the abundance of natural resources (such as, for example, iron ore and soybeans) in a context of almost unrestricted opening of the capital account of the balance of payments. ND, however, has never explored a little-known face of DD, namely that this problem is associated with environmental degradation, contributing to the problem of global warming. In other words, ND did not concern itself with the issue of the environmental sustainability of the development process. The ecological sustainability of economic development concerns the long-term improvement of living standards, considering a polyhedron of social, economic and environmental elements. A structural view of ecological sustainability should focus not on the static problem of resource scarcity and resource allocation through market mechanisms, but on the dynamic problem of resource creation, driven by aggregate demand and its limits.