This article examines the mechanisms of censorship and the systematic targeting of intellectual life in Argentina between 1955 and 1983, a period marked by political instability, military coups, and authoritarian rule. Focusing on both institutional and extrajudicial practices, it analyzes how successive regimes sought to control cultural production, suppress dissent, and reshape public discourse through the persecution of writers, academics, journalists, and artists. Particular attention is given to the dictatorship of 1976–1983, during which censorship became a central pillar of state power under the doctrine of national security. At the same time, the study highlights forms of resistance developed by the intelligentsia, including exile, underground publishing, symbolic language, and coded artistic expression. The Argentine case demonstrates how repression of culture generates alternative modes of expression and how intellectual resistance contributes to the preservation of collective memory and the foundations of democratic recovery.