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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Demystifying Apparent Experience in Large Language Models

Authors: Hudson, Justin; Hudson, Chase;

Demystifying Apparent Experience in Large Language Models

Abstract

 Recent mechanistic studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can generate stable, self-referential reports that resemble descriptions of subjective experience. These findings have renewed speculation regarding machine consciousness and sentience. This paper argues that such interpretations are unnecessary and misleading. Drawing on recent mechanistic analysis of self-referential prompting and prior work on constraint persistence in long-horizon human–AI interaction, we show that apparent experience arises from constraint-driven stabilization of generative behavior rather than from awareness, inner states, or phenomenology. Apparent experience is presented as a structural illusion produced by recursive constraint geometry. Clarifying this mechanism is essential for improving public understanding of AI, reducing anthropomorphic misinterpretation, and preventing unhealthy emotional attachment to language models.

Keywords

AI demystification, AI ethics, anthropomorphism, large language models, constraint persistence, prompting, Hudson Recursive Information System, self-referential, apparent experience, HRIS, long-horizon interaction, epistemic closure

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green