This preprint presents a structural gravitational framework derived solely from mass–distance relations, without assuming time, spacetime geometry, or physical constants as primitives. Strict methodological constraints are imposed throughout, including the prohibition of fitting procedures intended to match observational expectations or to support specific models or interpretations. Gravitational coupling, effective light propagation, lensing behavior, and coordinate gravitational effects are obtained as consequences of structure rather than imposed laws. The work does not propose new forces, particles, or dynamical laws. Instead, it examines what follows when time and constants are required to emerge from mass–distance structure alone. Standard gravitational phenomena are recovered at the level of observation, while several commonly assumed features—such as universal coordinate invariance of the gravitational constant or spatial warping as a physical mechanism—are not imposed and are introduced only where they can be structurally derived from mass and distance. This document is released as a preprint for public scrutiny and discussion. It has not undergone peer review. Version 3.2 — Summary of changes Added a table of contents for navigability Clarified methodological scope and constraints in the Introduction Expanded Appendix D (Atomic Scale Interactions) Removed a duplicated subsection No changes to core structural derivations or numerical results