Big Data technologies have become an integral component of modern information systems and play a significant role in data-driven decision-making processes. This article examines the concept of Big Data, its key characteristics, and its relationship with modern database systems. Special attention is paid to the limitations of traditional relational databases when handling large-scale data and the advantages of NoSQL and distributed database technologies. The article also analyzes practical applications of Big Data in various sectors and highlights the importance of efficient data storage, processing, and management. The study demonstrates that the integration of Big Data technologies with modern database systems enhances scalability, performance, and analytical capabilities in contemporary information environments.