The study examines the peculiarities of adaptation of students of different morphological and functional status to physical exertion of various orientations. Assessment of heart rate variability was used as the main method of studying the peculiarities of students' adaptation. It was revealed that mesomorphs with an autonomous regulation circuit (AK) demonstrate the most effective adaptivity. Endomorphs with a central contour (CC) are the most vulnerable: They recorded a decrease in spectral power, an increase in the stress index (SI), and the detection of cases of adaptation failure. The AK groups in all somatotypes showed favorable changes, while the CC groups showed signs of maladaptation. Anaerobic loads had a more pronounced stress effect, especially on groups with initial stress on regulatory mechanisms. The results substantiate the need to personalize physical activity, taking into account body type and autonomic regulation.