This study examines the factors influencing the acceptance and effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in human resource management in Vietnam's coal industry, based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework combined with UTAUT. A mixed methodology was applied, including expert interviews and quantitative surveys of 300 workers and HR staff at major coal mining enterprises in Quang Ninh, Thai Nguyen, and Ha Tinh provinces. The results show that innovation culture and leadership commitment have the strongest impact on AI usefulness, while technology infrastructure and human resource data quality significantly affect AI usability. Digital skills and personal awareness have a moderate impact but support both factors. Simultaneously, usefulness plays a crucial mediating role in driving AI acceptance, thus AI acceptance directly and most strongly impacts AI deployment effectiveness. The model explains 55% of the variability in AI application effectiveness, affirming that the deployment of this technology is not just a technical issue but also a process of managing change in organizational culture and the digital capabilities of the workforce. The study proposes upgrading technology infrastructure, strengthening leadership commitment, training digital skills, implementing industry-level support policies, and adopting AI through a pilot roadmap, while also providing additional empirical evidence for the theory of technology adoption in the context of traditional industries.