Adilabad district in Telangana is a biodiversity hotspot and is particularly rich in leguminous medicinal plants, which are crucial for the traditional healthcare of tribal communities like the Gonds, Kolams, Pradhans and Naikpods. This study investigates the primary drivers of decline in these plant populations, including forest encroachment, unsustainable harvesting, habitat degradation, climate change, causes of depletion, and conservation needs of leguminous medicinal flora in the region. Field surveys, ethnobotanical documentation, and interviews with local tribal healers (Gonds, Kolams, Naikpods and Pradhans) were conducted across key forest zones. Results reveal a sharp decline in species such as Albizia lebbeck, Clitoria ternatea, Cassia fistula, and Abrus precatorius etc. Field surveys and interviews with local traditional healers and forest officials were conducted to assess the species status, exploitation patterns, and conservation challenges. The research highlights the critical need for a conservation strategy that integrates in-situ and ex-situ methods with community-based management. This approach is essential for preserving both the plant species and the associated traditional knowledge.