The article presents the results of a study on the prevalence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in regions with iodine deficiency, as well as their association with thyroid function, body mass index (BMI), glucose and HbA1c levels, thyroid volume, and urinary iodine concentration. The study was conducted in the Muynak, Takhtakupyr, and Kanlykul districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and included 733 participants over 40 years of age. Based on laboratory and instrumental findings, statistically significant positive correlations were identified between TSH levels and parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. The obtained data indicate a pathogenetic link between iodine deficiency and the development of metabolic disorders.