Introduction: India’s ageing population is growing rapidly, with individuals aged 60–79 classified as senior citizens and those above 80 considered super senior citizens. The rise in the elderly population highlights the need to understand their challenges and future opportunities to ensure healthy and dignified ageing. Methods: This study is based on secondary quantitative data collected from peer-reviewed articles, government reports, national and international agency publications, and newspaper sources. The data were examined using thematic analysis to interpret patterns related to the health, social, and economic concerns of older adults. Results: Findings indicate that the general well-being and living conditions of senior citizens in India are moderately satisfactory, particularly for those receiving family or institutional support. However, elderly individuals living in poverty face significant vulnerabilities. Government welfare schemes and social security initiatives play an important role in improving access to healthcare, financial assistance, and overall quality of life. Discussion: Although progress has been made, disparities persist. Strengthening geriatric services, expanding community support, and increasing awareness of welfare programs can further enhance elderly care in India.