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Valori: A Deterministic Memory Substrate for AI Systems

Authors: Gudur, Varshith;

Valori: A Deterministic Memory Substrate for AI Systems

Abstract

Modern AI systems rely on vector embeddings stored and searched using floating-point arithmetic. While effective for approximate similarity search, this design introduces fundamental non-determinism: identical models, inputs, and code can produce different memory states and retrieval results across hardware architectures (e.g., x86 vs. ARM). This prevents replayability and safe deployment, leading to silent data divergence that prevents post-hoc verification and compromises audit trails in regulated sectors. We present Valori, a deterministic AI memory substrate that replaces floating-point memory operations with fixed-point arithmetic (Q16.16) and models memory as a replayable state machine. Valori guarantees bit-identical memory states, snapshots, and search results across platforms. We demonstrate that non-determinism arises before indexing or retrieval and show how Valori enforces determinism at the memory boundary. Our results suggest that deterministic memory is a necessary primitive for trustworthy AI systems. The reference implementation is open-source and available at https://github.com/varshith-Git/Valori-Kernel (archived at https://zenodo.org/records/18022660).

7 pages, 1 figure. systems paper with empirical evaluation and determinism validation experiments. Code available at https://github.com/varshith-Git/Valori-Kernel

Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Fixed-Point Arithmetic, Systems for AI, Vector Databases, State Machines, AI Memory, Databases (cs.DB), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Machine Learning, Databases, C.2.4; H.3.3; I.2; D.4.5; H.2.4, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Artificial Intelligence, Deterministic AI, Auditability, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), Reproducible Computation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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