Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an integrative approach that simultaneously pursues three interlinked objectives: (1) sustainably increase agricultural productivity and farmer incomes, (2) adapt and build resilience to climate variability and change, and (3) reduce and/or remove greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions where possible. This article synthesizes current evidence on how CSA practices and policies can mitigate climate change, protect and enhance crop productivity and food security under warming and extreme events, and enhance the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural soils. It examines the role of climate-resilient crop varieties, evaluates opportunities and barriers for soil carbon sequestration, and analyses carbon credit systems for farmers — highlighting design challenges, measurement/verification issues, equity considerations, and promising institutional models. The discussion draws on international assessments and recent literature to offer practical recommendations for scaling CSA in low- and middle-income contexts while safeguarding livelihoods and food systems. The article concludes that CSA is not a single technology but a portfolio of cn text-specific interventions that must be supported by inclusive policies, robust measurement systems, adequate finance, and farmer participation to realize both climate and development co-benefits.