Comparative typology plays a crucial role in modern linguistic research by systematically analyzing similarities and differences among languages. This field contributes significantly to understanding language universals, structural diversity, and cognitive aspects of human language. In the context of globalization and multilingual communication, comparative typology has become increasingly relevant for translation studies, language teaching, corpus linguistics, and artificial intelligence. This article explores the theoretical foundations of comparative typology, its methodological approaches, and its practical significance in contemporary linguistic research.