We present a causal, energy-conserving field theory of gravitation formulated in flat spacetime and based onVelocity-Dependent Conformal Lorentz Transformations (VCLT), hereafter referred to as the Causal Lorentzian Theory (CLT). Gravitation is described as a physical field propagating at finite speed and mediating local energy–momentum exchange. Starting from explicit physical postulates, we introduce a Lorentz-covariant gravitational four-potential, derive gauge-invariant gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields, and obtain the field equations from an action principle. The framework reproduces the Newtonian limit and a set of established weak-field andpost-Newtonian benchmarks (perihelion pre- cession, light bending, Shapiro delay, frame dragging), extends tostrong-field stellar-orbit phenomenology (S2 around Sagittarius A*), is consistent with luminal gravitational-wave propagation, and admits retarded solutions with causal radiation and local energy flux. We further provide a field-dynamical description of rotating compact objects, accretion disks, and relativistic jets via directed gravitational energy transport. The theory offers a phys- ically transparent, causally consistent alternative to geometric gravitywith clear observa- tional benchmarks and falsifiable residual predictions.