An expedition to Norfolk Island in 2025, led by the Australian Museum, was carried out to describe the biodiversity there. Investigation of samples collected from macroalgae resulted in the isolation of dinoflagellates in the genera Heterocapsa and Gambierdiscus. Both are known to include species which produce toxins. DNA sequencing results showed that the Heterocapsa isolate was H. horiguchii but it was also shown to be non-toxic to mice by intraperitoneal injection. The Gambierdiscus isolate was G. polynesiensis (DNA sequencing) and produced 44-methylgambierone, gambierone and an as yet unknown compound.