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Fallstudie zum End-of-Life von PET-Schalen im Lebensmittelbereich - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze zur Steigerung der Kreislaufwirtschaftsfähigkeit

Authors: Wähning, Irina Marie; Fischer, Thomas; Horneber, Dorothea; Torres Gómez, Alejandra María; Rotter, Vera Susanne;

Fallstudie zum End-of-Life von PET-Schalen im Lebensmittelbereich - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze zur Steigerung der Kreislaufwirtschaftsfähigkeit

Abstract

Die vorliegende Fallstudie zum End-of-Life von PET-Schalen im Lebensmittelbereich wurde im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Heimat (BMLEH) geförderten Forschungsprojekts innoCErt erstellt, das die Entwicklung einer erweiterten Zertifizierung kreislaufwirtschaftsfähiger Lebensmittelverpackungen als Anreiz- und Steuerungsinstrument zur Abfallvermeidung zum Ziel hatte. Vor dem Hintergrund der verschärften regulatorischen Anforderungen der Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) untersucht die Fallstudie den aktuellen Stand, zentrale Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsansätze zur Steigerung der Kreislaufwirtschaftsfähigkeit von PET-Schalen entlang des EoL in Deutschland. Methodisch basiert die Studie auf einer Kombination aus Literaturrecherche, experimenteller Partikelcharakterisierung von Leichtverpackungen(LVP)-Abfallproben, praxisnahen Sortier- und Recyclingversuchen sowie Expert*innenkonsultationen. Mono- und Multilayer-PET-Schalen wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Materialeigenschaften, Sortierbarkeit und Verwertbarkeit in mechanischen und chemischen Recyclingpfaden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass PET-Schalen derzeit nur eingeschränkt recyclingfähig sind und die Anforderungen der PPWR (z.B. „recycled at scale“) überwiegend nicht erfüllen. Insbesondere Multilayer-Schalen mit Barriereschichten stellen ein wesentliches Hemmnis für das Recycling dar. Zwar ist die Trennung von Mono- und Multilayer-Schalen mittels erweiterter Sortiertechnologien technisch möglich, bislang fehlt es jedoch an den wirtschaftlichen und regulatorischen Voraussetzungen für eine Umsetzung im industriellen Maßstab. Die Kreislaufwirtschaftsfähigkeit von PET-Schalen kann, dort wo sie nicht vermieden oder durch kreislaufwirtschaftsfähige Mehrwegalternativen ersetzt werden, nur durch ein Zusammenspiel aus optimiertem Verpackungsdesign, dem Aufbau spezialisierter Sortier- und Recyclinginfrastrukturen sowie einem stabilen Markt für Rezyklate verbessert werden.

This case study on the End-of-Life (EoL) of PET trays in the food sector was conducted as part of the innoCErt research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Regional Identity (BMLEH), which aimed to develop an extended certification for circular economy compatibility of food packaging as an incentive and control instrument for waste prevention. Against the backdrop of the stricter regulatory requirements of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), the case study examines the current status, key challenges and possible solutions for increasing circular economy compatibility of PET trays along the EoL in Germany. Methodologically, the study is based on a combination of literature review, experimental particle characterisation of lightweight packaging (LWP) waste samples, practical sorting and recycling tests, and expert consultations. Mono- and multilayer PET trays were examined in terms of their material properties, sortability and recyclability in mechanical and chemical recycling pathways. The results show that PET trays are currently only recyclable to a limited extent and do not meet the requirements of the PPWR (e.g. ‘recycled at scale’) for the most part. Multilayer trays with barrier layers in particular represent a major obstacle to recycling. Although it is technically feasible to separate mono- and multilayer trays using advanced sorting technologies, the economic and regulatory conditions for implementation on an industrial scale are not yet in place. Where PET trays cannot be avoided or replaced by recyclable reusable alternatives, their recyclability can only be improved through a combination of optimised packaging design, the development of specialised sorting and recycling infrastructures, and a stable market for recyclates.

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Keywords

Verpackungen, Packaging waste, Kreislaufwirtschaftsfähigkeit, Pet, Recyclingfähigkeit, Recyclability, Einwegverpackung, PPWR, Circular economy, Lebensmittelverpackung, Food Packaging, innoCErt, CE-Compatibility

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green