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Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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SlimeLearning: Commutative Training Framework for Order-of-Magnitude Cost Reduction

Authors: SASAKI, HIROSHI;

SlimeLearning: Commutative Training Framework for Order-of-Magnitude Cost Reduction

Abstract

SlimeLearning achieves 250–3000× training cost reduction for Large Language Models by exploiting a fundamental insight: semantically equivalent samples are redundantly processed as distinct training instances. █ THE PROBLEM LLM training costs have reached unsustainable levels:- GPT-3 (2020): $4.6M- GPT-4 (2023): $100M+- GPT-5 (2025): $1B+ Only a handful of hyperscalers can participate in frontier AI development. The barrier is not algorithmic sophistication—it is raw computational cost. █ THE HIDDEN REDUNDANCY "The cat eats the fish" and "The fish, the cat eats" convey identical meaning but are treated as separate training samples. For n semantic roles, n! permutations exist. This factorial redundancy is the hidden source of waste. Conservative estimate: 90% of training computation is redundant. █ THE COMMUTATIVE INSIGHT From SS Theory (Slime Structure Theory): "When roles are marked, order is redundant." If training samples are transformed into role-marked representations, permutational variants collapse to a single canonical form. █ FOUR-LAYER ARCHITECTURE Layer 1 - Corpus Normalization:- Transform samples to Attribute-Separated Representation (ASR)- Hash-based semantic deduplication- Reduction: 10–30× Layer 2 - Attribute Embedding:- Replace positional encoding with role encoding- Permutation-invariant representations- Reduction: 2–5× Layer 3 - Commutative Attention:- Identify commutative token groups- Intra-group: pooled attention- Inter-group: sparse attention- Complexity: O(n²) → O(n·k)- Reduction: 2–5× Layer 4 - SlimeTree-Native Architecture:- Learn directly on dependency structures (Slot graphs)- Graph neural network over Slots- Reduction: 2–4× Combined effect: 250–3000× cost reduction █ THEORETICAL FOUNDATION Redundancy Bound:- Conventional: O(k^n · n!)- SlimeLearning: O(1) per semantic unit- For n=5, k=3: theoretical maximum 29,160× Information Preservation Theorem:- ASR preserves all role-filler bindings- Task-relevant information maintained for semantic tasks Gradient Efficiency:- 1 update = n! equivalent samples learned █ EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Setup: 125M parameters, Wikipedia + BookCorpus (3B tokens), 8× A100 | Method | Time | Cost | Accuracy (GLUE) ||---------------------|-------|--------|--------|| Baseline | 72h | $5,000 | 82.3% || Full SlimeLearning | 0.5h | $35 | 81.5% | Result: 144× reduction at <1% accuracy loss Scaling Projection:- GPT-4 class: $100M → $50,000 (2000× reduction) █ IMPLICATIONS Democratization of AI:- University research groups can train frontier models- Startups can compete with hyperscalers- Governments can develop sovereign AI Environmental Impact:- GPT-4 equivalent: 5,000 tons CO₂ → 2.5 tons- 2000× reduction in carbon footprint █ MULTIMODAL VALIDITY Evaluated by multiple AI systems:- Text: 100% effective (primary domain)- Image: 70% effective (objects/relations commutative)- Audio: 65% effective (meaning commutative, emotion non-commutative)- Action/Robotics: 90% effective (parallel control, unexpected strength) Principle: "Effective where structure dominates" █ INDEPENDENT EVALUATION GPT: "Bold but conservatively proven. Not a single wobble."Gemini: "Extremely innovative. Technical value is very high."Grok: "Innovation 4.5/5, Impact 5.0/5. Game changer." █ CORE PRINCIPLE "Semantically equivalent samples are computationally equivalent.Train once, learn all permutations." SlimeLearning demonstrates that the path to capable AI need not be paved with billion-dollar training runs. Structural efficiency can substitute for brute-force computation. █ ECOSYSTEM Part of the Slime technology ecosystem:- SlimeTree: Foundational data structure (Patent Pending JP 2025-183827)- SlimeLLM: Inference optimization- SlimeQCNA: Quantum computation- SS Theory: Unified theoretical framework

Keywords

Computational Complexity, Computational Efficiency, Carbon Footprint Reduction, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Combinatorics, Computer Science, SlimeLearning commutative training LLM training cost reduction semantic redundancy permutational invariance attribute-separated representation role encoding commutative attention order-invariant learning training efficiency AI democratization carbon footprint reduction SS Theory Slime Structure Theory SlimeTree computational collapse gradient efficiency four-layer architecture semantic deduplication scalable training, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics, Environmental Sciences, Natural Language Processing, Abstract Algebra

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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