This article analyzes modern approaches to managing innovation activities in the process of increasing the level of competitiveness in communication and telecommunications enterprises. The study proposes an integrated model consisting of five areas for assessing the effectiveness of innovative development of telecommunications entities. This model includes financial and economic results, financial indicators of innovative activities, internal resource potential, innovation efficiency and the level of digitalization. On the example of Uzbektelecom JSC, the integral indicator S was calculated for the period 2016–2021, and in cases where S < 1, the need to revise management decisions, improve staff skills, optimize the organizational structure and expand cooperation with research organizations is justified. The article also develops an algorithm for implementing an innovation management system in telecommunications enterprises, which is based on the principles of continuity of the innovation process, the presence of feedback mechanisms and comprehensive assessment. The proposed approach serves to identify practical directions for increasing the competitiveness of communications enterprises in the context of digital transformation.