ABSTRACT The quality of quicklime depends on its feed composition, microstructure, and calcination history. This review evaluates X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis for assessing limestone and quicklime. We compare preparation, calibration, acquisition settings, and quantification, and explain how phases, textures, pore networks, and impurity loads govern burnability, sintering, and reactivity. A PRISMA-guided synthesis of 42 full-text studies identifies reliable indicators and common failure modes. We propose harmonised reporting, quality assurance measures, and decision rules that translate laboratory measurements into plant-ready specifications. Figures and Tables provide a conceptual framework, a PRISMA flow diagram, technique essentials, bias mitigation strategies, an evidence map, and a plant translation checklist.