Rutilus Rutilus are small- to large-sized fishes endemic to Europe, North-West, and Central Asia. In West Asia, only five species occur, with two endemic to Azerbaijan: R. atropatenus and R. sojuchbulagi. Both are poorly known and have been placed in the genus Pseudophoxinus until recently. Many subspecies and variants of the roach, R. rutilus, have been described, particularly from the Caspian basin. All can be identified as R. lacustris. Rutilus rutilus has a restricted range in West Asia, while R. lacustris and R. rutilus are largely allopatric in West Asia, both species have large hybrid zones in Europe. An attempt was made to split the genus Rutilus into three smaller genera (Leucos, Rutilus, and Sarmarutilus). Finally, most ichthyologists did not accept it as all these genera are poorly distinguished and closely related. We agree with this view and maintain the current classification of all Rutilus species as a single genus. Further reading. Bianco & Ketmaier 2014 (molecular phylogeny, genera); Artaev et al. 2021 (R. rutilus, R. lacustris). Key to species of Rutilus in West Asia 1a - 53–64+3 lateral-line scales. ……………… R. frisii 1b - 34–42+3 lateral-line scales. ………………2 2a - 34–38+2–3 lateral-line scales; 6–7 scales between dorsal origin and lateral line. ………………3 2b - 39–42+2–3 lateral-line scales; 7–9 scales between dorsal origin and lateral line. ………………4 3a - Tip of snout at or below horizontal level of lower eye margin. ……………… R. sojuchbulagi 3b - Tip of snout above horizontal level of lower eye margin. ……………… R. atropatenus 4a - Pectoral, pelvic, and anal orange to red; iris from yellow in juveniles to deep red in adults. ……………… R. rutilus 4b - Pectoral, pelvic, and anal hyaline, yellowish to dark-grey; iris whitish to pale yellow. ……………… R. lacustris

Published as part of Freyhof, Jörg, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash & Kaya, Cüneyt, 2025, Handbook of Freshwater Fishes of West Asia, GmbH, Berlin / Boston :De Gruyter on page 391, DOI: 10.1515/9783111677811, http://zenodo.org/record/17881367