This article analyzes the problems of replication and transparency in distributed databases, as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of their management. The article considers the benefits and risks of storing data copies in multiple locations through replication, and also highlights the transparency requirements for a distributed storage structure that presents itself in a centralized way for the system user and programmer. The research results show that there are problems such as the complexity of managing replication and transparency in DDB systems, ensuring data consistency, latency and resource costs, which require a balanced approach in future design and architectural decisions.