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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Age of the Universe by FRА

Authors: AdmailFRA;

Age of the Universe by FRА

Abstract

Key idea. What is measured is not the “age of everything,” but the age of our branch of the cosmic fabric. The standard 13.8-billion-year estimate is built in the language of expansion. The FRA approach measures by structure: how many “floors of differences” have been assembled from galaxies up to “walls,” and whether there is a branching trace — a “seam” — on the sky map. Two different yardsticks, hence different numbers. Abstract 1. Explains why age estimates diverge and why that is normal. 2. Gives three independent structure-based methods (without expansion metrics) — with numerical estimates. 3. Introduces the Z-scale as a time unit not tied to expansion. 4. Formulates a confirmation criterion via O-TRACE (“honest residual”) across multiple maps. 5. Provides a short checklist for reproducible re-estimation. When measured by structure, the natural order is tens of billions of years (typically 20–50 billion). The method remains unchanged and is used further as is.

Keywords

Big bang, Age of the Universe, Metric universe, Black holes, The Big Bang Theory, Fractal reality, Time of the Universe, Physical cosmology, total time, Parallel universes, Fractal Universe, Z-scale

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green