This article covers the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and modern treatment methods of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by excessive and synchronous electrical activity of brain neurons and recurrent seizures. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, and genetic factors, perinatal trauma, traumatic brain injury, stroke, infections, and metabolic disorders can cause epileptic activity. Electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and modern neuroimaging technologies are important in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Treatment requires a comprehensive approach, and the main directions include antiepileptic drugs, surgical intervention, nerve stimulation, and a ketogenic diet. Modern therapy contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with epilepsy