ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the relationship between modern Iranian short story and modernist aesthetics within the framework of individual, society, and education. The modernist focus on the inner world of the individual has not only transformed narrative techniques in Iranian short fiction but has also contributed to the emergence of multilayered narrative structures that deeply influence psychological development, identity formation, and social awareness. In this context, selected works of Sadegh Hedayat, Samad Behrangi, Goli Taraghi, Zoya Pirzad, and Hafiz Hiyavi were analyzed through the lens of modernist aesthetics and educational function. The research is based on qualitative methods, particularly document analysis and descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that Hedayat centers on existential alienation; Behrangi emphasizes social justice and pedagogical sensitivity; Taraghi and Pirzad focus on female identity and silent resistance; while Hiyavi highlights child perspective, provincial life, and modern loneliness. The results demonstrate that modern Iranian short stories possess not only literary value but also significant pedagogical potential in terms of empathy development, critical thinking, values education, and social-emotional learning. Keywords: Modernism, Modern Iranian Short Story, Education and Literature, Individual and Identity, Gender Studies, Child and Literature, Social-Emotional Learning.