We present the SMN-Q42 model as a structural framework that organizes solar-terrestrial energy relationships through discrete mathematical patterns. Built upon the parameter-free Simplicity Theory, the model identifies structural scales $\Ecore = 246 = 200 + 40 + 6$ and $\Delta = 133 = 100 + 30 + 3$ that serve as organizing principles rather than new physical constants. A heuristic decomposition $246 = 241 + 5 = 241 + 3 + 2$ separates fixed structural states (241, prime) from dynamic observational modes (5 = 3 manifest + 2 cognitive). The resonance quantum $Q_{42} = 42$ yields a normalized quotient $R_{E/Q} = 246/42 = 41/7 = 5 + 6/7$ with period-six decimal structure, while an independent asymmetry $66/13 = 5 + 1/13$ generates a twin resonance channel $5 + 6/13$. These patterns organize the observed $\sim 66\%$ reduction from a theoretical factor $\nutheo = 3$ to an effective factor $\nueff \simeq 1$, corresponding to the solar constant of approximately $1361\,\mathrm{W/m^2}$. We introduce a Modus operator $M=(A,\Phi,\ModE,\Gamma)$ linking structural degrees to observable loads through $L=f(M)$, and realize the framework on a finite $\mathbb{Z}^3$ lattice through path families on a ``small cube''. The resulting numerical codebook---built from integers $(3,5,6,7,13,42,66,71,133,241,246)$---provides a structural language for organizing observed patterns in solar-terrestrial systems while respecting fundamental physical barriers such as Gauss's $1/r^2$ law.