Scientific discovery takes centuries when it could take months. The COVID vaccine took 326 days from genome to approval. Alzheimer's research has continued for more than a century with no cure. Same species, same century—different architecture. This position paper identifies four structural bottlenecks that systematically delay discovery: (1) the right minds appear by accident, (2) frontiers are found by accident, (3) institutions destroy agency before producing discovery, and (4) trust requires faith instead of verification. These bottlenecks form a four-layer stack—Agent, Frontier, Institution, Verification—that must align for compression to occur. When all layers aligned (mRNA), discovery took months. When none align (Alzheimer's), it takes generations. The paper proposes the Foundations Program: a research initiative developing operational frameworks for each layer, with falsifiable predictions and an invitation to pilot implementation. This is not philosophy of science. This is engineering. The question is not capability—it is architecture. And architecture is a choice.