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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Geometric Unification of Physical Interactions

Authors: Roca, Albert;

Geometric Unification of Physical Interactions

Abstract

[Superseded version. Please refer to the latest version.] Empirically falsifiable derivation of G through mesoscopic measurement. Proton radius derived as r_p = 4 · ƛ_p , with 577 ppm discrepancy. Neutron-proton mass difference derived geometrically, with 709 ppm discrepancy. Finite radius of the electron derived geometrically at r_e ≈ 5.636 fm. F_s / F_g 10^38 scale gap derived as R_s = 1 / α_G = (m_P / m_p)^2. Ω_Λ / Ω_m ratio identified as the dynamic constant √5, with < 1% discrepancy. This phenomenological framework presents a geometric unification of physical interactions based on the topology of a three-dimensional space governed by structural vacuum tension. Newton’s and Coulomb’s laws are integrated into a single equation, revealing the gravitational constant (G) as a scale-dependent hybrid artifact. The structural constant w = 2 is identified as a necessary component to explain the displacement between static geometry and dynamics in a three-dimensional space. The unification is validated through precise retro-predictions without free parameters or extra dimensions. The proton radius is derived as r_p = 4 · ƛ_p, matching experimental data with a discrepancy of 577 ppm. A finite structural radius for the electron (r_e ≈ 5.636 fm) is defined, eliminating QED singularities and suggesting that the electron can not resolve the measurement of the proton due to its own size. The neutron-proton mass difference is derived as a geometric cost, matching experimental data with a discrepancy of 709 ppm. The scaling symmetry between a particle and its orbital dynamics is defined, where α acts as the scaling factor and w determines the topological boundaries. The hierarchy ratio between F_s and F_g (10^38) is derived as R_s = 1 / α_G = (m_P / m_p)^2. Fundamental quantum phenomena, including the Rydberg formula and the uncertainty principle, are described in geometric terms. The “dark energy” to “dark matter” ratio (Ω_Λ / Ω_m) is identified as the dynamic constant δ = √5, matching experimental data with a discrepancy < 1%. Time is described not as a fundamental dimension, but as the accumulated geometric distance required to resolve structural tension in a three-dimensional topology. The model predicts the existence of a resonance mass (m_ϕ ≈ 4.157 × 10^–9 kg) and a deviation from the universality of free fall due to structural interaction with the vacuum. While the identity between inertial and gravitational mass is preserved, non-linear dynamics become a mathematical requisite at the mesoscopic scale for objects which are not strictly neutral. Experimental confirmation of this anomaly would fix the value of G with quantum precision.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green