
Resumen En la presente investigación se propuso determinar las características del cuidador asociadas a la sobrecarga del mismo en el contexto del cuidado de pacientes oncológicos atendidos en una unidad de cuidados paliativos. El estudio fue observacional, correlacional y prospectivo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 127 cuidadores y se trabajó con ella en su totalidad, por lo que no se extrajo muestra. La edad promedio de los cuidadores fue de 41.28 años; el 63.8% eran mujeres y el 54.3% eran solteros. En cuanto al nivel educativo, el 47.2% tenía estudios superiores y el 36.2% contaba con estudios secundarios. Respecto a la relación con el paciente, el 55.9% eran hijos y el 27.6% eran otros familiares, como hermanos, sobrinos, cuñados o nietos. El 58.3% de los cuidadores presentaba algún grado de sobrecarga; de estos, 34 casos (26.8%) correspondían a una sobrecarga leve y 40 casos (31.5%) a una sobrecarga intensa. Las conclusiones evidenciaron que existen características asociadas a la sobrecarga del cuidador, entre ellas el estado civil y el trabajo actual del mismo. Ambas variables se asocian significativamente con la sobrecarga del cuidador. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de realizar intervenciones focalizadas a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores y, con ello, reducir la carga en cuidadores familiares de pacientes oncológicos.
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of caregivers associated with caregiver burden in the context of caring for cancer patients treated in a palliative care unit. The study was observational, correlational, and prospective. The study population consisted of 127 caregivers, all of whom were included in the study, so no sample was extracted. The average age of the caregivers was 41.28 years; 63.8% were women and 54.3% were single. In terms of educational level, 47.2% had higher education and 36.2% had secondary education. Regarding their relationship with the patient, 55.9% were children and 27.6% were other relatives, such as siblings, nephews, brothers-in-law, or grandchildren. Fifty-eight point three percent of caregivers showed some degree of overload; of these, 34 cases (26.8%) corresponded to mild overload and 40 cases (31.5%) to intense overload. The conclusions showed that there are characteristics associated with caregiver burden, including marital status and current employment. Both variables are significantly associated with caregiver burden. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve the quality of life of caregivers and thereby reduce the burden on family caregivers of cancer patients.
caregiver burden, perfil socio-demográfico, sobrecarga del cuidador, pacientes oncológicos, pacientes oncológicos, perfil socio-demográfico, sobrecarga del cuidador, cancer patients, socio-demographic profile
caregiver burden, perfil socio-demográfico, sobrecarga del cuidador, pacientes oncológicos, pacientes oncológicos, perfil socio-demográfico, sobrecarga del cuidador, cancer patients, socio-demographic profile
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