Supplementary Data for the publication entitled "Forestation and irrigation effects on the water cycle in Brazil". It contains: File name Description Columns grid.gpkg Map with U-Track sized gridcells used in this study. n - gridcell ID basin_name - macrobasin where the gridcell is mostly located state_name - Brazilian state where the gridcell is mostly located region_name - Brazilian region where the gridcell is mostly located geom - geometry mapbiomas_landuseclasses.csv Output from Google Earth Engine, demonstrating the area corresponding to each land use class at the gridcell level. n - gridcell ID year - year class - land use class, after reclassification (see paper for methodology) area_km2 - area of the gridcell in km^2 pr_et_pet_CURR Monthly precipitation, evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration for the baseline scenario (CURR) at the gridcell level. n - gridcell ID month - month pet - potential evapotransipiration in gridcell et - evapotranspiration in gridcell pr pr_et_analyses Changes in precipitation and evaportranspiration for each analyses in the study at the gridcell level. n - gridcell ID month analysis.name var diffp aridity_waterstress Levels of aridity and water stress estimated at the gridcell level. n - gridcell ID aridity - estimated as the 10-year (2008-2017) mean of the annual precipitation (Hersbach et al. 2020), divided by the annual reference evaporation values for Brazil (Althoff et al. 2020). The aridity levels were classified based on the Atlas of Desertification method and thresholds (Zomer et al. 2022). water_stress - obtained per basin from the Brazilian Water Agency (Agência Nacional das Águas, ANA) report on quantitative water balance, and rasterized into gridcells. The levels of water stress are classified between low, medium, high, very high, critical, and intermittent.

This research was supported by Formas – a Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (2020-00688, to MJL) for the project entitled “Water use and impacts of Brazilian agricultural production and consumption: from global supply chains to regional rainfall”.