The ongoing battle against illegal poaching is crucial for the survival of numerous endangered species and the preservation of biodiversity. This type of illegal activity not only threatens specific populations but also destabilizes entire ecosystems. The dire consequences of poaching extend to species extinction. The illegal wildlife trade has accelerated the decline of various species, some of which are critically endangered. The loss of these keystone species disrupts ecological balance and can lead to a cascade of other negative effects within their habitats. Biodiversity is fundamental for ecosystem health. Each species plays a crucial role in environmental stability, and the loss of biodiversity threatens to unravel the intricate web of life that supports various ecosystems. Poaching has devastating effects on wildlife populations, leading to significant declines in species numbers. In this chapter, we discuss the basics of illegal wildlife trade and its consequences on the environment and humanity.