Autapomorphies of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae: 1. Distance between cartilage anterior to orbitosphenoid and lateral ethmoids (38): (0> 1) distant from lateral ethmoids. Reversal of synapomorphy 1 of node 223. Paralleled in node 286. 2. Ventral extent of third infraorbital (64): (1> 0) reaching horizontal arm of preopercle. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 180. Paralleled in the Heterocharacinae and Iguanodectinae, in nodes 184, 198, 225, and 302, and in Agoniates anchovia, Brycon pesu, Hasemania nana, Markiana nigripinnis, Pseudochalceus kyburzi, Roeboexodon geryi, and Stichonodon insignis. Some trees: Reversed in node 292. 3. Lateral line (91): (0> 1) interrupted. Paralleled in nodes 227, 229, 279, 288, and 294 and in Characidium rachovii, Hoplocharax goethei, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi, Phenacogaster tegatus, and Pyrrhulina australis. 4. Posterior extent of ventral process of quadrate (151): (0> 1) falling short of posterior margin of symplectic. Paralleled in the Hyphessobrycon luetkenii clade and Iguanodectinae, in nodes 284, 289, and 298, and in Astyanax mexicanus, A. cf. rutilus, Aulixidens eugeniae, Cyphocharax spilotus, Diapoma speculiferum, Hemiodus cf. thayeria, Metynnis maculatus, Micralestes stormsi, Nematocharax venustus, Probolodus heterostomus, Psellogrammus kennedyi, and Pseudocorynopoma doriae. Some trees: Paralleled in node 302. 5. Number of gill rakers on first hypobranchial and ceratobranchial (196): (0> 1) ten or fewer. Paralleled in the Characinae and in Bryconops melanurus, Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis, and Iguanodectes geisleri. Some trees: Paralleled in node 196 and in Hemigrammus erythrozonus and Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi.

Published as part of Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, pp. 385-568 in Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3) on pages 505-506, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000300001, http://zenodo.org/record/5421880